The direct question: once income tax, Class 4 NI, student loan and pension are deducted from profit, how much do you actually keep? Annual and monthly figures shown.
Updated for 2026/27. Uses UK tax bands and HMRC/GOV.UK guidance. Estimates only — not tax advice.
Calculate sole trader tax Read the guidesBased on your estimated bill of £0 for 2026/27, here is when HMRC expects payment — and why your first January bill can feel much bigger than the tax itself. Estimate only — your exact HMRC figures may differ.
Self Assessment checklist, expense tracker, payments on account calendar and more — all in one practical PDF. Updated for 2026/27.
From 6 April 2026, Making Tax Digital for Income Tax is mandatory for sole traders and landlords with qualifying income over £50,000. That means keeping digital records and sending HMRC a short update every quarter through recognised software, instead of one Self Assessment at year end. The threshold drops to £30,000 in April 2027 and £20,000 in April 2028, and HMRC reckons around 860,000 people are in the first wave.
HMRC-recognised software includes FreeAgent, Xero, QuickBooks, Sage and Zoho Books. FreeAgent is free for Mettle and NatWest business banking customers. There are no penalties for late quarterly updates during 2026/27.
Keeping a separate account for business income and expenses makes Self Assessment and record-keeping considerably easier.